![]() For instance, functional gastrointestinal diseases that produce symptoms, without any structural or visible pathological lesions, affect more than 40% people worldwide, according to a large multinational survey. Gastrointestinal diseases have significant implications on morbidity, mortality and quality of life in affected individuals. Microwave-based digital phonoenterography has huge potential for impacting GI practice and patient care. ![]() Recording and analysis of bowel sounds using artificial intelligence is crucial for creating an accessible, inexpensive and safe device with a broad range of clinical applications. Prior studies evaluate the application of bowel sounds in conditions such as intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, large bowel disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and bowel polyps, ascites, post-operative ileus, sepsis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and neonatal conditions such as hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Recording technologies for extraction and analysis of these include the wavelet-based filtering, autoregressive moving average model, multivariate empirical mode decompression, radial basis function network, two-dimensional positional mapping, neural network model and acoustic biosensor technique. Bowel sound production depends on but is not entirely limited to the type of food consumed, amount of air ingested and the type of intestinal contractions. We review the physiology of bowel sound production, the developments in recording technologies and the clinical application in various scenarios, to understand the potential of a bowel sound recording and analysis device-the phonoenterogram in future gastroenterological practice. Production of bowel sounds, established in the 1900s, has limited application in existing patient-care regimes and diagnostic modalities.
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